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Diesel Crack Spread Madness Deepens As Jefferies Finds No Easy Exit From Russia's Refining Crisis

Zero Rss
1 month 3 weeks ago
Diesel Crack Spread Madness Deepens As Jefferies Finds No Easy Exit From Russia's Refining Crisis

Refined-product markets have emerged as the epicenter of the global energy crisis, with commodity desks across Wall Street, including Goldman, Citi, Bank of America and Jefferies, warning that disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz and Ukraine's ongoing long-range drone attacks on Russian energy infrastructure are converging into a perfect storm for global fuel supplies.

As we close out this week, Monday marked a historic milestone, with Bloomberg's front-month US diesel crack spread (HOCL1 Index) topping $100 per barrel for the first time as the diesel shortage intensified and the spread landed on everyone's radar.

Four days before the HOCL1 Index breached the $100 mark, we cited notable Wall Street commodity desks that warned about the "perfect storm" brewing in refining markets:

Then, early Monday morning, we reported:

By late evening, our X post on the HOCL1 Index had gone absolutely viral because a reading above $100 is not only unprecedented, but also suggests, as we noted, that the "industrial economy either grinds to a halt or consumers are about to be hit with the biggest energy pass-through in history."

Diesel crack hits record $102. This is absolutely unprecedented.

Industrial economy either grinds to a halt or consumers about to be hit with the biggest energy pass through in history pic.twitter.com/OtAdgrCvb3

— zerohedge (@zerohedge) August 17, 2026

Then, by Wednesday, Jeff Currie, the former Goldman Sachs commodities chief and now co-chair of Abaxx Markets, went on CNBC to explain, as we've warned, that the real crisis is not in crude, but in diesel markets.

"Nobody on the planet earth consumes crude oil," Currie told CNBC. "Refineries do. Everyone else consumes gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, and those markets look considerably uglier."

By Thursday, Currie explained that the convergence of tight physical markets, currency debasement and policy intervention represents the hallmark of a structural commodity bull cycle.

"Stop looking at crude. Nobody consumes it but refineries. The economy runs on gasoline and diesel, and that consumption-weighted basket costs $165 against $85 WTI," Currie wrote on X. Read the report.

Certainly, all this attention on diesel crack spreads was enough to have many others on X discussing what the spread meant and its implications...

For more color on how Ukraine's expanding drone campaign is achieving what years of Western sanctions failed to deliver to Washington and European elites, Jefferies analyst Lloyd Byrne spoke with Ronald Smith, a specialist in Russian oil and gas, to discuss the ongoing and worsening crisis in Russia's refining and product markets.

"Repair downtime is often short, but consistent strikes have pressured throughput, leading to export product bans. Gasoline exports are unlikely to resume until '27. The diesel ban could be lifted in Oct, but volumes will likely stay low, continuing to support cracks. Asked about paths forward, answers were few," Byrne wrote in the note published Thursday.

Here are Byrne's highlights from the conversation with Smith, which provide readers with a better understanding of Ukraine's drone campaign against Russian energy assets as one of the factors, along with Hormuz disruptions, driving global refining markets into crisis:

Russian Refining Overview. Russia has nameplate refining capacity of ~6.7mmbpd (~6.5% of global capacity); however, throughput has historically been lower, at ~5.0-5.5mmbpd. In Aug '26, throughput collapsed to ~4mmbpd amid ongoing Ukrainian drone strikes. In '25, Russia produced ~0.95mmbpd of gasoline and ~1.7 mmbpd of diesel, but due to the Ukrainian attacks, Aug '26 gasoline is down to ~0.65mmbpd and diesel to ~1mmbpd.

Ukraine Drone Campaign. In Jan '24, Ukraine began launching sporadic strikes on Russian refineries, but attacks climbed from Aug to Sept-25 with ~3 refineries hit per week. Attacks dipped in 1Q26 (~1 pw), before intensifying to ~4 pw in May-Jul 26 and up to ~5 pw in Aug '26, leading to a fuel crisis & export restrictions. Strikes have focused mainly on refineries near Ukraine (e.g., Syzran, Saratov, and Ryazan), but the attack on Omsk (2,675km) demonstrated both the expanding reach of Ukrainian drones and the vulnerability of Russia's most sophisticated refinery. While some larger/select refineries have been consistently targeted (e.g., Ryazan & Ufa), other scale plants have been hit a only a few times, with little recognizable pattern.

Refinery Outages. The duration of downtime depends on the complexity of the unit hit and the availability of replacement materials, with no average downtime per strike. That said, ~50% of outages are <2w and ~75% are <1m, but there have been a handful of 3-6m outages (e.g., Moscow). Mr Smith highlights that Soviet refinery units were designed to be dispersed to defend against strikes, and that Russia has developed domestic engineering capabilities. Still, sanctions and technology restrictions play a role, but China has been somewhat supportive, per Mr Smith. To compensate for the damaged refineries, functional refineries are running at higher utilizations and are encouraged by officials to delay maintenance, which may lead to more unplanned outages if continued. Deputy PM Novak recently stated that several refineries will return to service in the near future.

Russian Product & Crude Exports. In '25, Russia was a net exporter of ~150mbpd of gasoline, ~850mbpd of diesel, and ~30mbpd of jet fuel, but through '26 these have plunged amid persistent refinery outages. In April '26, Russia banned gasoline exports and, in July '26, diesel exports. In aggregate, Mr Smith estimates that Ukrainian drone strikes have removed ~1.1mmbpd of refined products from global mkts, mostly diesel (~750mbpd). Mr Smith asserts that gasoline exports are unlikely to resume until '27, but the diesel export ban could be lifted post-harvest season (Oct), but with exports staying low. This depends on the pace of Ukraine's drone campaign, the speed of Russia's repairs, and Russian defensive effectiveness. With no global product exporter able to fully offset the lost exports, Russian outages will continue to put upward pressure on crack spreads.

Because of the lower refining capacity available, crude exports surged to ~8.9mmbpd in July '26, but remain below OPEC+ quotas. Mr Smith suggests that Russia could be at physical crude export limits, and export capacity could be compromised by drone strikes.

Professional subscribers can read much more about crack spreads and the energy crisis on our new Marketdesk.ai portal. 

Tyler Durden Sat, 08/22/2026 - 09:55
Tyler Durden

President AOC's First Term

Zero Rss
1 month 3 weeks ago
President AOC's First Term

Authored by Adam Sharp via DailyReckoning.com,

The date is August 20th, 2032.

We’re nearing the end of Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s first term as president.

The wave of naive optimism that swept her into power has faded. But the damage is done. With a majority in both the Senate and House, the Democrats made big moves.

First they eliminated the Senate filibuster. No more 60 votes needed to pass most legislation. Now a simple majority will do. The political equivalent of a nuclear first strike.

Then AOC’s coalition created two new states: Washington D.C. and Puerto Rico. That’s 4 more Democratic Senators, and additional seats in the House.

The Supreme Court was quickly expanded from 9 to 13 justices. The number of justices has changed before, and there’s no hard and fast rule in the Constitution.

Justice Clarence Thomas, the court’s last Constitutionalist, retired in 2028 due to health issues. So the highest court in the nation has 5 new neoliberal judges.

ICE was abolished almost immediately. Immigration, both legal and illegal, is out of control. Another 11 million illegals have entered, mostly from Latin America. And 4 million visa workers. Another 4 million refugees and “asylum seekers” from Africa and the Middle East.

All this immigration undercut American workers’ wages, drove up real estate prices, took over small towns, and drained social welfare programs.

Green cards are now granted to immigrants who have been in the country for 3 years, regardless of how they entered. Citizenship and voting rights after 6 years.

The Democrats quickly set themselves up for a permanent majority.

Fruits of the Revolution

The unemployment rate hit 18% this year, even with all the book-cooking. AI, outsourcing, and poor leadership have taken a toll.

The federal deficit hit $5.3 trillion. The stagflation which began in 2029 shows no signs of letting up.

Inflation is running at a 16% clip. A gallon of gas costs $11.34, and diesel is $15 if you can find it. A third of American oil refineries have been shuttered under new environmental regulations.

Anyone worth more than $1 million faces an annual wealth tax of 3%. Family businesses are sold at firesale prices. Wealthy Americans flee the country, taking their assets with them.

Power blackouts are common in big cities. No new generating plants have been built, and data centers continue to tax the grid. With copper trading at $30 a pound, thieves rip out cabling anywhere they can find it.

The Green New Scam reached new heights. Billions of dollars were handed out to politically-connected crooks to build high-speed rail, electric vehicles, and “carbon-free” energy. It’s a total writeoff.

Biden-era censorship on social media platforms returns.

‘Equality’

Households earning less than $80,000 per year now receive Universal Basic Income (UBI) of about $30,000 a year. Barely enough for a family to live on.

UBI was celebrated by the masses early on. But the lack of motivation to get up and work creates a pervasive malaise across the country. Tent cities sprout up like weeds. The scourge of drug addiction worsens.

DEI returns with a vengeance. All of President Trump’s executive orders were reversed in the first month of AOC’s term. Companies are punished harshly if they have too many white male executives. Diversity quotas are enforced with an iron fist.

Universal healthcare went live in 2030. If you thought the old system was bad, this is a nightmare. Patients often wait a year to see a specialist. Need a scan? Tough luck.

Healthcare fraud reaches new levels as criminals target an exploitable system.

It’s been a tough few years. Yet AOC is still on track to win a second term. Millions of new immigrant voters will be the deciding factor.

Back to the Present

I wrote this piece as a thought experiment, pondering what could happen if Dems sweep Congress and win the presidency in 2028.

Honestly, this scenario isn’t all that crazy. It could well happen.

The Republican party needs to get their act together, quickly.

Trump really needs to resolve the war with Iran before midterms. It’s incredibly unpopular with independents and the libertarian-leaning right. If he doesn’t, the chances of a socialist sweep rise significantly. And as I explained above, the consequences could be catastrophic.

Republicans should not let that happen. Make a deal with Iran and be done with it. Re-focus on the American people. If the war is ongoing and the Strait of Hormuz is still closed during midterms, it’s not going to go well for the GOP. It gives far too much firepower to the Dems.

If a socialist like AOC wins, it’s going to be bad news for all Americans, but especially business owners and investors. Our friend Jim Rickards recently wrote the following:

The rise of socialism inside the Democratic Party is an enormously important political story on its own. But it also has huge investment implications that could affect your portfolio.

Many democratic socialists favor higher taxes on wealthy households, expanded government healthcare and tuition programs and sweeping changes to policing, immigration and other institutions. Some prominent figures on the left have also supported “wealth taxes” — which would tax certain holdings of property, shares, bonds and other assets rather than merely income.

Jim nails it, per usual. Much is at stake. If someone like AOC wins, our country might not recover for decades. If not longer.

Tyler Durden Sat, 08/22/2026 - 09:20
Tyler Durden

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